Before a child starts school, his o

在孩子上学之前，他或她的主要榜样是他或她的父母或照顾者。自尊心高的父母或照顾者通常会为孩子们树立这种榜样，他们会逐渐接受这些想法。那些受到消极情绪影响的人，即使消极情绪不是针对他们的，也会经常采取相同的思维方式，导致儿童期的自尊心降低。<br>不断赞扬孩子的成就 称赞孩子表现出预期的行为或经常鼓励他或她重复同样的行为并形成自我价值感的东西。然而，空夸会产生相反的效果。一个受到任何称赞的孩子将停止相信这些单词，并且可能对童年的自尊心产生一点影响，或者可能产生负面影响。<br>根据儿童的能力向儿童提供责任也对儿童自尊的发展很重要。使孩子无论在家里还是在学校都感觉自己是家庭或团体中有用的成员，有助于增强对其能力的信心。然而，给孩子不适当的责任或任务可能导致儿童期自尊心的发展。<br>每个人都有优势和风险。当鼓励儿童参加活动时，他/她可以建立自己的自信心水平，这可以为他/她提供适当的环境。与没有获得相同机会或被投入到活动中的孩子相比，有机会使用自己的独特技能来帮助他人或改善自己的孩子具有更高的自尊心。

Before a child starts school, his or her main role models are his or her parent or caregiver. Parents or caregivers with high self-esteem（自尊）typically model this to the children, who will gradually pick up these ideas. Those who are influenced by negativity（否定性，消极态度）, even if the negativity is not towards them, will often take the same way of thinking, leading to low self-esteem in childhood. <br>Continual praise for a child’s achievements plays a large part in a child’s view of himself or herself. Praising a child for acting as expected or something good often encourages him or her to repeat the same action and forms a sense of self-worth. Empty praise, however, can have the opposite（相反的）effect. A child who is praised for anything will stop believing the words, and the empty praise will have little effect on self-esteem in childhood or possibly a negative effect. <br>Providing a child with responsibilities based on his or her abilities is also important in the development of self-esteem in childhood. Making a child feel like a helpful member of a family or group, whether at home or school, helps to form a higher sense of confidence in his or her abilities. However, giving a child unfit responsibilities or tasks can do no good to the development of high self-esteem in childhood. <br>Each person has strengths and weaknesses. A child can build up his or her confidence level when he/she is encouraged to take part in activities, which can provide him or her with chances to work on weaknesses（缺点）in a helpful environment. Children who are given the opportunities to use their unique skills to help others or improve themselves have higher self-esteem than those who are not given the same chances or who are pushed into activities that they do not enjoy or do not have an ability to do.

在孩子上学之前，他或她的主要榜样是他的父母或照顾者。具有高度自尊的父母或照料者通常会向孩子们示范这一点，他们会逐渐接受这些想法。那些受到消极影响的人，即使消极不是对他们的，也往往会采取同样的思维方式，导致童年时期的自卑感。<br>对孩子成绩的不断表扬在孩子对自己的看法中起着很大的作用。表扬孩子按预期行事或做一些好事，往往会鼓励他或她重复同样的动作，形成自我价值感。然而，空洞的赞美却可能产生相反的效果。一个因任何事情而受到表扬的孩子会停止相信这些话，而空洞的表扬对孩子的自尊几乎没有影响，甚至可能产生负面影响。<br>为孩子提供基于其能力的责任，在儿童自尊的发展中也很重要。无论是在家还是在学校，让孩子感觉自己是家庭或群体中有帮助的一员，有助于对自己的能力形成更高的信心。然而，给一个孩子不适合的责任或任务，不能有利于发展高自尊的童年。<br>每个人都有优点和缺点。当孩子被鼓励参加活动时，他/她可以建立起自己的信心水平，这可以为他/她提供在有益的环境中克服弱点的机会。那些有机会利用自己独特的技能帮助他人或提高自己的儿童，比那些没有同样机会或被迫从事自己不喜欢或没有能力从事的活动的儿童有更高的自尊。<br>